Freeze-Thaw Cycle

Ontario's most destructive force against masonry, occurring when water trapped in brick and mortar repeatedly freezes and thaws throughout winter and spring. Water expands 9% when frozen, creating tremendous pressure that cracks bricks, loosens mortar, and causes spalling. Particularly damaging in Southern Ontario where temperatures frequently cross the freezing point. Prevention requires proper drainage, sealed mortar joints, and addressing any water infiltration before winter. Signs of freeze-thaw damage include horizontal cracks, loose bricks, and surface flaking that worsens each spring.